(Solution) - The point of this problem is to demonstrate the type -(2025 Original AI-Free Solution)

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The point of this problem is to demonstrate the type of puzzles that must be solved in the design of malicious code and, therefore, the type of mindset that one wishing to counter such attacks must adopt.
a. Consider the following C program:

What do you think the program was intended to do? Does it work?
b. Answer the same questions for the following program:
c. What is the specific relevance of this problem to this chapter?